Thermal and nuclear power generation cost estimates using corporate financial statements yuhji matsuo,1 yu nagatomi2 and tomoko murakami3 summary there are two generally accepted methods for estimating power generation costs. The combustion of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, now notorious for the threat of global warming. Can anybody forward the spread sheet thanks for yur generosity. Plant owners are increasingly demanding strict guarantee. After decades of developmental effort, efficiencies or ro 10 90% can now be achieved for the turbines and compressors in gas turbine power plants. We take the example of a 100 mw coal fired power plant. Tariff calculations for a 660 mw thermal power plant are given in table 5.
Index terms energy analysis, thermal power plant, second law of thermodynamics, reheat rankin cycle. Power plant lifecycle spans over many decades and many of them are still in use after more than 40 yr of service. Energy and exergy analysis of coal fired power plant. The three main components of a thermal power plant are boiler, turbine and alternator. The 460 mw reference thermal cycle, which is based on the lagisza supercritical, coal. Existing thermal power plants can provide much more flexibility than often assumed, as experi ence in. Generally bituminous,brown or peat type coal are used as the fuel of coal basesd thermal power plant.
Thermal power plant sector is one of the 8 notifiedenergy intensive sectors under which a total of 144 plants are participating in this program. The mass of a substance in kilograms equal to its molecular mass is called a kilogrammole or often simply a mole of the substance. This requires a dependable and reliable captive power source which can cater to all important loads of the plant all the time for safe and smooth operation of the steel plant. Pdf numerical methods applied for power plant calculations. I got to carry out the heat and mass balance diagram for given input for one of the steam power plant. The basic function of the power plant is to convert energy in coal to electricity. Also shown on the cover is a compactsize, nonreheating turbine, for which rapid growth is anticipated in the overseas markets. Final normalization calculation for coal based thermal power plant. Epa combined heat and power partnership biomass chp catalog 7. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. As presented in paper 8 average thermal efficiency of steam power generation was around 43% in 1970s. Thermal power plants in pat i total no of dcs 144 threshold limit to be dc 30,000 tons of oil equivalent toe per annum total target set 3. Steam cycle efficiency45% boiler efficiency based on hhv88 to 89% station auxiliary power consumption 5 to 8% maximum potential for improvement is always in turbine cycle.
For thermal power plant there is a factor called plant load factor plf, so if a plant has installed capacity of 100 and it rums with plf of 90% it will produce 90mwh of instantaneous power. The thermal efficiency is an indication of how well the plant is being operated as compared to the design characteristics. Thermal and nuclear power generation cost estimates using. New mathematical methods can now be used easily for solving design problems, as a result of the increase of computational power at lower costs 7. Principle and preliminary calculation of ocean thermal energy.
The heat source in the nuclear power plant is a nuclear reactor. Liane ellison norman, staunch supporters of the green peace movement and clean energy at. Numerical methods applied for power plant calculations. Thermal power plants contents trends and future outlook for thermal power plants 70. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Electricity act, electricity tariff, plant load factor, fixed and variable cost. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station. When comparing calculations with and without increased power plant flexibility, annual co2 emissions with more flexible power plants are 28 million tonnes. Generation cost calculation for 660 mw thermal power plants. The hrsgs can be designed to handle multiple pressures, but it is rarely economical to use more than three. The greatest variation in the design of tpps is due to the different fuel sources.
Selection considerations of combined cycles and cogeneration plants gas combustion turbine research performed in the 1970s hinted that high pressure ratios and very high temperatures are required to achieve high efficiency. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss mass of 16 while carbon dioxide has a molecular mass of 44. If this loss is employed as useful heat, for industrial processes or distinct heating, the power plant is referred to as a cogeneration power plant or chp combined heatand power plant. Sep 07, 20 therefore, there is always heat lost to the environment. Power plant performance efficiency engineering toolbox. Heat rate basics industrial wiki odesie by tech transfer. Function pdf transport model, and conditional moment closure cmc. Determining the baseline efficiency of thermal or electric.
This has become the mainstream type of thermal power plant in japan. The present day atomic power plants work on the principle of nuclear fission of. The handbook contains a wide array of topics and each topic is written by an authority on the subject. Design and operation deals with various aspects of a thermal power plant, providing a new dimension to the subject, with focus on operating practices and troubleshooting, as well as technology and design. Thermal power plant sector bureau of energy efficiency. Liane ellison norman, staunch supporters of the green peace movement and clean energy at pittsburgh, pa, where i was in the 1970s and 1980s, in whom i saw. Evaluating the efficiency changes of the thermal power. Superheating the steam to higher temperatures has very desirable effect. Final report on technical data, costs, and life cycle inventories of. A theoretical investigation of efficiency enhancement in. Representative biomass chp system cost and performance.
Biomass receiving and feedstock preparation chapter 4. Energy analysis of thermal power plant raviprakash kurkiya, sharad chaudhary abstract energy analysis helps designers to find ways to improve the performance of a system in a many way. Pdf this paper is an experimental and numerical study of the performance of steam cycle of a 210mw thermal power. Mar 15, 20 one of the lowest costing power projects in india so far this power plant is a coal based power plants of hpgcl. Its practical approach is ideal for engineering professionals. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Basic calculations for a power plant free download as word doc. Thermal power plant or steam power plant is a generating station which converts heat energy of fossile fuels into electrical energy. The paper presents an application of a numerical method for the. How to calculate the coal quantity used in a power plant. Power plant combustion theory encyclopedia of life. However, modern engine technology proved that the carnot cycles fundamentals are valid. Pdeen bandhu choturam thermal power plant is a project of haryana power generation corporation limited hpgcl.
Situated on the bank of river chambal near kota in rajasthan. A coal based thermal power plant converts the chemical energy of the coal into electrical energy. Thermal power plant under perform, achieve and trade v d auxiliary power consumption apc normalization 78 e plant load factor scheduling 81 f other normalization 86 g final normalization calculation for gas based thermal power plant 89 11. Nuclear power plants are thought to be the solution for bulk power generation. The book thermal power plants advanced applications introduces analysis of plant performance, energy efficiency, combustion issues, heat transfer, renewable power gen. Introduction in india 65% of total power is generated by the thermal power stations. The mass of a substance in kilograms equal to its molecular mass is called a kilogram mole or often simply a mole of the substance. Thermal power plant introduction in india 65% of total power is generated by the thermal power stations.
Steel industry is a power intensive industry and requires uninterrupted power supply to critical loads. Documents from steam turbine engineering ste department bhel, bhopal. Generation cost calculation for 660 mw thermal power plants vilas s. Plant heat rate is a measure of the combined performance of the gas turbine cycle, the steam turbine cycle, and any other associated auxiliaries. The first four units was bifurcated from the total 8 units of the plant. Application of system analysis for thermal power plant heat. Heat and mass balance for steam power plant posted in power industry. Performance monitoring is an essential tool for overall. Thermal power plant presents practical content on coal, gas, oil, peat and biomassfueled thermal power plants, with chapters in steam power plant systems, start up and shut down, and interlock and protection. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants vol. There will be a pump, boiler in this case the oceans surface water, turbine, and.
One of the lowest costing power projects in india so far this power plant is a coal based power plants of hpgcl. The heat sources used in these power plants are usually the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, or also the nuclear fission. Air pollution control technology in thermal power plant committee members. Most of the conventional energy losses optimization method are iterative in nature and require the interpretation of the designer at each iteration.
The economics of operating a gas turbine alone and selling power to the. Table 1 installed power generating capacity, gross power generation and plant load factor in india our study analyses the technical efficiency of coalbased thermal power plants in india to. Thermodynamic analysis of a thermal cycle of supercritical. Evaluating the efficiency changes of the thermal power plants. According to this act, rights of the determination of tariffs, for the power generated by. Hence, the overall thermal power plant efficiency depends on the efficiencies of these three components. Among thermal based power generation, coal based power plants are highest in.
Basic calculations for a power plant boiler power station scribd. Heat generated in the furnace is utilized to convert water into steam. The optimal steam pressure of thermal power plant in a. As of march 2017, india has 22 nuclear reactors in operation at seven sites, having an installed capacity of 6780 mw. A new approach applied to a thermal power plant controller. The rankine cycle closely describes the processes in steamoperated heat engines commonly found in most of thermal power plants.
Calculation of rankine cycle rankine cycle thermodynamics as energy conversion science. The treatment throughout the handbook is practical with very little emphasis on theory. Air pollution, waste generation,water consumption,emission of mercury,greenhouse emission impact of thermal power plant on water source water intensive new thermal power plant of 500 mw installed capacity requires around 14 million m3 of water per annum. The optimal steam pressure of thermal power plant in a given load. Mastorakis signals and systems laboratory sisylab dgee, fsi, boumerdes university algeria technical university of sofia, english language faculty of engineering.
Baira gowda, pittsburgh, pa for introducing me to asme, in the late 1980s. Nuclear power is the fourth largest source of electricity in india after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of electricity. It is a close cycle to enable the working fluid water to be used again and again. A new approach applied to a thermal power plant controller using fuzzy logic hamid bentarzi, rabah amr chentir nadir belaidi samah dif and nikos e. It steam power plant decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit as can be seen in ts diagram as shown in figure 2. Thermal power generation plant or thermal power station is the most conventional source of electric power. With computer aided power cycle calculation pcc two.
There are two methods to determine boiler efficiency. Over all efficiency of a thermal power station depends upon components efficiency. The total core heat transfer rate to the reactor coolant. In the past optimization methods, during the process of calculation, the output of the turbine often changed, it was hard to maintain the output constant. During the design of a power plant, the steam flow.
Validated methods for flue gas flow rate calculation with. Data envelopment analysis dea, malmquist productivity index, efficiency changes, reform, thermal power plants 1. From the energy scenario we see that approximately 57% of energy is. Heat rate can be further divided to compare units at the same plant, where you might compare power block 1 to power block 2. The temperature to which steam can be superheated is limited by. The cycle will be a rankine cycle similar to that of a steam power plant. Next we discuss and calculate the irreversibility also called the energy destruction or lost work, which is the wasted work potential during a process as a result of irreversibilitys, and we define a secondlaw efficiency. Representative biomass chp system cost and performance profiles. Panipat thermal power station is situated at a distance of about 12 km.
A detailed calculation required in the context of a contract, tender, performance repor,t or a legal document may require more accurate input data. This thermal power plant has 2 units with a total installed capacity of 600 mw. Its author has a 40long association with thermal power plants in design as well as field engineering, sharing his experience with professional engineers under various. The thermodynamic analysis was performed with the use of the industrial software package ipsepro, designed for power plant engineering. The calculation of boiler efficiency is major factor affecting thermal power plant performance. An analysis of a thermal power plant working on a rankine cycle. Mass flow rate calculation for different stages of hp, ip and lp turbines. The kettle falls schematic shows the configuration for a. As new technologies were developed countries are upgrading constantly their coal power plant fleet 8 9. Before going into detail of this topic, we will try to understand the line diagram of electric power generation plant theory of thermal power station. This paper is based on 120 mw thermal power plant and a thermal power plant consists of five major components 1 boiler, 2 steam.
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the is steam driven. This encompasses the methods currently used within the european power industry, based. In many occupations, a level of danger is expected because it is inherent to the job, but this is only more reason for companies to take employee safety seriously. Hadagal 3, abstract increasing demand of power has made keen interest of study to improve the efficiency of power plant. A nuclear power plant nuclear power station looks like a standard thermal power station with one exception.
Thermodynamic analysis of 120 mw thermal power plant with. Thermal power plants for utility in japan thermal power plants for private use and ipp plants in japan overseas thermal power plants geothermal power plants technical development tepco ooi thermal power station, unit no. Water quality control technology for thermal power plants. Application of system analysis for thermal power plant. The targets are specifiedin terms of specific percentage of their present deviation of net operating heat rate from the net design heat rate. The use of distillate liquid fuels, usually diesel, is also common where the cost of a. The cycle used is rankine cycle modified to include superheating of steam, regenerative feed water heating and reheating of steam.
Final thermal power plant cover bureau of energy efficiency. The use of distillate liquid fuels, usually diesel, is also common where the cost of a gas pipeline cannot be justified. A theoretical investigation of efficiency enhancement in thermal power plants. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser. A computer method for thermal power cycle calculation. Thermodynamic analysis of a thermal cycle of supercritical power plant witold elsner luk asz kowalczyk. Air pollutions in thermal power plant 12 pollutants and pollution control in coal fire power plant pure water feed unit coal unloading ash pond fly ash collector coal boiler silo denox. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which either drives an electrical generator or does some other work, like ship propulsion. This may include more than one gas turbine and steam turbine. The electricity act supply 1948 has been replaced by electricity act 2003 by government of india. Thermal power plant is also referred as coal thermal power plant and steam turbine power plant.
Pdf the predimensioning of a thermal power plant implies a lot of calculation for which the use of numerical methods are a helpful instrument. Thermal power plants march 2005 overseas environmental cooperation center, japan. The handbook of electric power calculationsprovides detailed stepbystep calculation procedures commonly encountered in electrical engineering. Overall thermal performance or energy efficiency for a power plant for a period can be defined as. Energy balance of a coalfired power plant in condensing. This energy and power generation handbook is dedicated to. When a thermal power plant receives a given load instruction from the grid, it is necessary to set an optimal steam pressure to maintain the high efficiency of the plant. Environment impact assessment of thermal power plant for. At present the installed capacity of nuclear power plant is about 4300 mw and expected to expand further in our. A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. On this basis, the fuel factor is very stable for a given type of fuel and it can be sufficient to use a fixed factor. Energy and exergy analysis of coal fired power plant energy and exergy analysis of coal fired power plant h ravi kulkarni 1. America, and is a model of the power plant technology to be constructed overseas in the future. Parameter plant1 plant2 gross hrghr 2500 kcalkwh 2500 kcalkwh apc 8% 10% net hr nhr 2717 25000.
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